PERKEMBANGAN MODERNISME DI IRAN ABAD XIX -XX

Sodikin, Ahmad (2022) PERKEMBANGAN MODERNISME DI IRAN ABAD XIX -XX. In: Proceeding of The 2ndConference on Strengthening Islamic Studies in the Digital EraVol 2(2022), 2022, Faculty of Ushuluddin, Adab and Dakwah IAIN Ponorogo.

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Abstract

Modernism is a movement that originated in the western world to replace the teachings of the Khatlik religion with modern science and philosophy. The culmination of this movement was the process of secularization in the western world. Iran before the revolution, was under the regime of RezaShah Pahlevi who was an admirer of Turkey during the regime of Mustafa Attaturk. Under his authoritarian rule he imposed a program of economic modernization, and persistent westernization of culture. In this he built military power, overcame the opposition of religious elites, merchants, tribal elites, and abolished the influence of the clergy. Allareunder the control of the country he leads. At the moment there is an important conflict between the ruler and the controlled (opposition), which is spearheaded by Iranian Muslim scholars. The most visible figures in this movement are Ali Shariati and Ayatullah Khomeini. So there was a catastrophic upheaval and the culmination was the Iranian revolution of 1979. Therefore, this research becomes important to discuss further, so as to obtain a complete, systematic, and chronological understanding. This type of research is historical research that relies on sources in library studies (library riseacrh). Operationally the historical method rests on four things; heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. To see and analyze the development of modernism in Iran of the XIX –XX centuries, researchers use sociological-political approaches and conflict theory. A sociological approach to looking at society and a political approach to examining theruler, power, and policies taken by the ruler. From there, the sociology-political approach is dynamic and keeps up with the times, so it is interesting to be used as an analysis knife in looking at the political dynamics of a particular country or region. Meanwhile, conflict theory isused to examine the events that occurred in Iran and their impact after the events. The finding of this study was the occurrence ofIranian Revoltion in 1979. It was the success of Iran's Islamic Revolution that succeeded in subverting the Pahlevi dynasty that had changed the political system and state form of Iran from an absolute monarchy to an Islamic republic. The Iranian Revolution was encouraged by Ali Shariati and Ayatullah Khomeini, in moving the time to carry out the Revolution against the Pahlevi regime. After the revolution ended, there were changes and improvements to the system in Iran. These changes and changes include; in the field of education, in the field of religion, and in the field of politics.

Keywords: Development, Modernism, Iran XIX –XX Century

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